Akha Chronicles
Book 1: Maesai
Chapter 20: Missions

 

 

Missionaries

Missions were a very destructive influence on the lives of the Akha and were bent on destroying the small remaining hopes which they had, their last identity.

The missions were so arrogant they could not see the WHITE nature of their work, and this made disuading them by normal means impossible.

 

KMT

British and opium wars

the missionaries

KMT

 

Tactics of Village Splitting and Take Over

 

Black Friday In An Akha Village

I and a friend fought our way up mud track roads after a four hour trip to reach one of Northern Thailand’s most remote Akha villages, Hur Mae Khom.

We had a gift of writing books and pencils for the last traditional families in the village.

Two weeks before the headman told me that the Chinese Baptists had come and convinced

three quarters of the village to become Christian.  From personally checking with the

families they had told me that it was required that they abandon all of their traditions in the

process. Finished.

So when I climbed the ladder to the headman’s porch and sat down I was greatly concerned

as he sadly poured me tea.  I and my friend drank while he related the events of the last two

weeks.

There had been five or six families that stuck with him.  There was one village elder living up

the hill that was helping to hold it all together.  The headman had not invited the missionaries

and did not approve of their demands.  But then some time in the last week they had

convinced the elder to join their forces below and abandon the headman.  So he moved down

to those huts. The other families soon followed along.  What could he do, with the last elder

gone from the tradition there was no one left to teach the old ways to the families.  He was

more than just a little sad, saddest that I had ever seen him.  Though the huts had not moved

he was now a headman without a village and the new puppet pastor the new functional

headman.  He knew that the missionaries always promised to give lots to the people if they

converted.  Meanwhile the villagers were still asking for medicine that the missionaries apparently weren’t including in the deal.

I went down into the other huts and was immediately struck by all the changes being

imposed on the people.  Numerous women were no longer wearing their headresses as they

had been so proudly doing all the years that I had supplied medicine to this village.  I asked

them why and they said they couldn’t any more.  Some of the older women still hung on.

But the pressure was now definitely there to abandon them.  There would be no traditional

practices, songs, or dances at all now, possibly something would be allowed at Christmas.

The woman who practices the traditional knowledge and medicine for the village was

stopped.  She was told that it was evil and that she could no longer treat people’s illnesses.

In the name of their religious beliefs, and quite in contradition with the spirit of those beliefs,

the missionaries are eradicating Akha culture in village after village.  The Akha, with

probably 98% written illiteracy, their books the elders, have no way or perspective by which

to judge this method that comes with all the promises of prosperity.  Prosperity that seldom

materializes.  From a standpoint of incredible rapid economic change and severe poverty

they are being robbed of their rich heritage.  Children are taught that their parents are living

under the power of darkness and bondage, teaching disrespect to parents in direct contradiction of the missionaries’ own religious texts.

Such practices could not be gotten away with without much criticism in the west, but people

who enjoy the freedoms of their individual traditions and beliefs in the west do not believe in

offering those same freedoms to others if they can exploit them for the agendas of their mission agencies.

We believe this has everything to do with endangered language.  If you ban the culture, what

exactly is the language then good for?   A religious ban imposed on culture is just as powerful as a governmental ban on culture if not more so.

We find these repeated actions to eradicate Akha culture from among the Akha people as going against standards set forth in the UN Draft of Human Rights for Indigenous Peoples.

Anyone who would like an entire copy of the UN Draft on Indigenous Rights please send me an email.

There is a whole lot going wrong here.

 

Why I am opposed to the Missionaries:

 

A betrayal of what is good

 

A betrayal of a people

 

Creating divisions

 

 

Refusing to accept the culture of the Akha

 

 

Arrogance, hypochrisy

 

 

The Akha

Akha Days

Part One

The Missionary Cold War

 

A complex and careful war.

How missions work and effect the lives and independence of the Akha and their freedom to their own religion and culture. How the villages are broken and converted.

The involvement and structure of the mission system in north Thailand is very important to understand, but of greatest importance is to understand that the Akha as a people have a right to their own tradition and culture under international law, and this right is certainly not being protected.  It is one thing to say that the Church has a question of character and morality in this matter, but ultimately the failure to protect the Akha and their culture must fall in part both on the Thai government and International organizations and the Missions.  The missions, since they are the perpetrators, are the chief defendant in the matter.

The history of missions is long, through the centuries, from crusades to the new world, a political order that always claimed it wasn’t.  Always converting and eliminating tribal cultures and often tribal peoples, subjegating smaller groups into the larger ones, assisting colonialization and assimilization. A growth industry on the back of others, following close to the exploitation of resources and lands that the indigenous live on.  This parallel situation is very hard for missionaries to admit to.  They are woefully ignorant of anything but the polished, carefully selected version of their conquest history.  It is quite amazing that anyone denies this political role and goal of missions does not exist, but quite a few still do make this denial.

In Thailand there is functioning both the Catholic Church and the Protestant Church.  They both work with the Akha. The Catholic Church is under one structure, while the protestant efforts are under many structures.  There are a few umbrella organizations that house many of the individual organizations of the protestants, but this certainly does not cover them all. Since the protestants do not organize a visible central structure, though they often work in such a way quietly, they can claim security from appeal to any such organization. Their makeup of many missions, churches, individuals, all claiming to be unaffiliated makes bringing them to justice for their crimes that much more difficult.

They are here for a reason.  I am not sure what all those reasons are, but it certainly appears to be based on inherant needs of the individuals in these organizations and not much on the needs of the people whom they work with, in this case the Akha.

The need of the missionary individual is to stay out of hell, and they feel that in order to ensure this, they must also keep a few other people out of hell by converting them to the same fear paradym. This is the driving force of the missionaries, you won’t meet one that wants to talk the Bible or the details and justifications of all this.  At best, rather than logic and blow by blow discussion you will encounter rhetoric and quotations.  Obviously these people are very insecure, very unsure of themselves, and really are quite afraid to think for themselves.  Many of them have their lives, years and years, buried in such ventures and if it were inspected now, the validity, well, might be more than they could handle, that they had wasted much time and years.  Or had just been wrong.

I don’t mind that people believe different than I do but I wonder why they can’t even argue their own belief system?  For instance, say if I said I agreed that it is good to keep people out of hell.  I might add that I believe that for the sake of argument because I also believe that it is good to try and prevent bad things from happening to people, much in the same way the Thai highway department is installing guard rails in the mountains along the side of steep roads.  So then I would ask the missions, that if saving people from harm is the point, then why is not the money focused to do the most good, water, medical care, human rights, etc rather than build big church buildings?

But they are not so interested in such things.  Many Christians make careful distinctions before giving away money.  One is that they are around to save souls only, the costly church buildings are for this reason, and they aren’t allowed to spend for saving from other things.  Ok, saved from snake bites but not malaria.  Odd support system they do have indeed.

This explains their casual disregard of the living and human rights conditions of the Akha.  It is just much easier to build a church and claim success.  When you need more to do, and when you need to show how compassionate missionaries are in helping others where the Buddhists won’t then you can cross the line and borrow one or two human needs also, to show how much you care for these poor folk.  But, the real goal is evangelization, and the rest is borrowed for additional kudos.

For this same reason, having supplied a village with a church, the missionaries feel no guilt at going home and living and eating well in Chiangrai, Chiangmai or elsewhere, because they have done their job.  This is a very careful good news, or “gospel” as they are so fond of calling it.  This is the purpose of their work, to spread the “good news” the gospel.  However, the good part of the news is very limited.  When this is pointed out, the missions must refer to their mission packet for working with the Akha.  In this mission packet, built, embelished upon, and added to as the years go buy, are the standard protective answers that they have for being basically racist bigots that they are.  “Oh, the Akha are bound in the spirit of bondage, that is why they must suffer and die till they come out of it and think like us.”  And so goes the thinking and the neighborhood.

The missionaries can not cope with the fact of how good they all live, compared to the Akha they claim to help.  In only one or two situations are missionaries living in the villages and this is for the sole purpose of putting a complete end to the culture and converting them all to be good american style mindless evangelicals.

Goals of the missions and why we have a problem

The chief effect of the missions is to deny the Akha their right to be who they are, keep their own culture and traditions.  The missionaries wish to impose a different one, one of the west, on these people.  This is made easier by the poverty, another reason that the missions do not fight the poverty in the villages.  To fight the poverty would make them less able to succeed in forcing their religion on the Akha.

The missionaries lie and go to great length to deny that this is what they are doing, taking away the Akha right to freedom to their own religion and culture.  These people are criminal by every measure of international law guaranteeing the Akha the right to be who they are, religiously and culturally.  Further the missionaries seldom speak the language and have little clue to the culture of the Akha.  It isn’t like their own so it is wrong.  That is all.

I would like to point out the fact that the missions are not here in any limited kind of way.  They are not here to convert a maximum of ten villages.  They feel compelled due to their belief system, no matter how filled with contradictions it is, that they must convert the entire earth to their way of thinking.  They must have proof that they are succeeding and this need for proof brings many errors and ills with it also.

But it must be constantly pointed out, that this is their belief system that they number one not only feel they must do and impose, they also in a self fulfilling way, feel that it must be their right to convert all to believe like them, or they are not having religious freedom.  They say nothing about the right of the other people whom they wish to convert to be left alone, to practice their own culture.

Further, there is no unified theory of what their own religion is, so every individual and group comes with a diferent definition, within the greater pool.  The greater effort accepts this based on the idea that at least everyone will be converted to some form of social Christianity.

I say social Christianity because if you ask these people what it means to be a Christian, they will say that in reality many people are not “true Christians”, are only church goers.  But they try to at least convert villagers to this first status, in order to increase the second, but would deny they are related.  So we convert an Akha village to be Christian, but are they all Christians, don’t know, ok.

So one of my cases against these people is that they are converting the villages to an acceptable form of evangelical american style religious culture first of all and that this does not have anything to do with what their own Bible even claims to be about, mass social movements not really being the focus of the Bible.

So how does this spell out for the Akha?

Since there are no limits to what the missions want, we can assume that their goals at conversion want it all.  For the Akha, this means they want all Akha villages converted, their culture put an end to.  It really doesn’t matter if there is later on inner strife with two and three churches sprouting up.  They have been converted first off and the details can be sorted out later.   That the Akha were not allowed to be who they wished to be is not of a matter.

So the goal is to convert all the Akha, to take over by force of outside pressure, all Akha villages in Thailand, Burma, Laos and China.

None of the missions involved will discuss the specific problems involved in this, though they do admit problems exist.  In many cases, due to many efforts on my part to expose this missionary campaign, they are going to length to mask their true efforts by pretending to care for the culture of the Akha.  They are liars.

Over the past 80 years the missions have destroyed much of Akha culture, displaced the youth, abandoned the youth would be better to say, converting them out of being Akha into being nothing with no place at all  unless it is the church, which hardly matches the knowlegde and past they came from.

If you go to Akha.org you will see many photos and additional commentary on this process that they have brought about in the mountains.

 

Current situation

But I would now like to go on to mention the current situation with the Akha and what the missions are doing to them.

Currently the mission, numbering in the scores, are working to break the last of the traditional Akha villages and strenthen their grip on the existing villages.  This is a political colonization.  Surely the US embassy and the Thai government are aware of it and in agreement that it can go on, or law would be used to stop it.

Most of the missions are from the US.

We have numerous villages now that are being split or under pressure to split.  The missions involved are known, who they are, how they are working, who they are paying to do the dirty work.

Requests to the UN for assistance in the matter go unheeded.

The traditional elders are pushed aside and given no choice. Though it is illegal for people who don’t follow the Akha way to live in the village, these new converts that have been converted in the villags, insist on staying and building a church and defying the leadership of the village.  In the past they used to seperate to another village, fine enough, they no longer do, insisting that it is easier just to break the whole village.  Christians say that they are suppose to obey those in authority.  Missionaries deny this. They have a way of breaking every rule that they themselves say they believe in.

Once pushed aside, not only are the elders reduced, when there are enough converts in the village who have taken control, then they will be pushed to claim the village as a Christian village, against the wishes of the elders, and then they forbid all Akha religion in the village, taking the village over and then forbidding the village the same religious freedom they insisted upon.

This is a war, a cold war of religious and political terrorism being waged against the Akha in the mountains.  No bullets, just lots of force.

Many people comment that the Akha must agree to this or it wouldn’t happen.  This is not at all the case.  Well paid Akha are sent to force a conversion, step by step on the new village.  The intruder does not work, does not farm and is not from that village.  They are paid insurgents, paid trouble makers.  They find the weakest point in the village, some family with a problem with the existing leadership, and then the power battle is on.  Divide and conquer.

The trouble making churches and missions are photographed and listed on the web site Akha.org.

(This being the biggest ploy of the protestant dominated US).  So the excesses of the Catholic structure could be made to look like they had been done away with, while still retaining in full the nasty habits of the lesser character of humanity when combined with the power excesses of religion.

Where as the Catholic church was centralized and powerful, the protestant church is decentralized and less powerful. If it was a reformation movement, it was only briefly so.  The final result of the movement was many little units of the church which have basically no oversight or accountability, and definitely will not answer questions, the most notable part of any religious authority or government.  The failure to answer questions they don’t like which would expose corruption, human rights abuses and the very lack of freedom of religion, as in freedom from their religion.)

 

Missionaries

Always unable to answer the questions

 

Korean Presbyterian Mission

 

Rose Martinez

Runs the Children's Happy Home and a few other places

 

 

Missions

I would have to have a strategy of what I was going to do there.  I hate to unite with the religious element because I think that despite the fact that they have some of the better things in consideration, that in reality they are not so willing to be intellectually honest about all that is going on.  They are taking some of the old fashioned techniques, already abandoned in much of the west for the negative side effects they brought with them.  Try explaining this.  Forget it.  No one questions God.  They are building the kingdom of God.  If you want money just ask Jesus.  Oh, you want to know how I get money?  Well I can’t tell you that.

I think of how much I could have gotten done here if I had had some brotherhood, some cooperation from the religious organizations down in Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai area.  But they all seem to be part of a club and I would have to send out all the signs of buying into all the dogma that they are a part of if I was going to get money from them and from my experiences with the likes of Christian Happy Home and Rose Martinez that would still not be too much of a likely hood because they are all trying to enlarge their Dynasties and aren’t interested in helping someone up here with new and different ideas get anything done in an area that they quite apparently would like to annex but just haven’t had the time or energy to do so to this point.  That is all sad when one thinks of the loss.  For four years I have asked for their help and got none.  Meanwhile the kids could have seen a different life.  Next door the Chinese Baptist Church has its new usually empty multi million baht sanctuary, painted an appropriate five story pink in the heart of the brothel district.

Oh well, the personal questions, choices and decisions go on.

 

Barry

Tell more about  this one.

He comes here with his silent wife. Preaches hard, then digs the young chicks and ditches the old broom and takes home a real babe.

 

Missioanary family Gaw Jaw

 

Loi Chiang

 

lewis/cia

                People say this is why Lewis got kicked out of Burma.  I haven’t seen anything in missionaries in general that would keep them from being party to the CIA.  Father appa even said that Lewis took blood from Akhas in the hospital to sell to GI’s during the war.

 

Bill young

                His father was Gordon Young, the one who had the infamous comments about the Akha.

                He worked for the army, cia, who knows.  Nimit says he visited him at his hut in a US army uniform.

                others said he had more than one lahu wife,  is he married? you mean how many?

 

Gordon youngs comments about akha from Mika Toyota

That they were the dirtiest people and one guy screwed all the virgins

 

brian barney/dea

Brian Barney got calls from the DEA

They played basketball together on Sundays

Meese brothers

Their father

                The meese brothers, some say they are pentacostal, others say they believe in removing spirits, lewis said they taught his villages that if they weren’t baptised with the holy spirit they weren’t saved yet.  He didn’t like them.               

                The father, he was said to be well liked by the different tribes and met them at Chads guest house in Maesai sometimes when he came there.

 

The Paul Lewis Sterilizations

The full story and Akha Reply

 

Missioinaries

Came here and worked a lot with the Akha, I don’t think they understand them and that may be academic in the long run.

protestant

many protestant groups, like rats eating at a carcass

catholic

low ebb but steady, always a balance to the protestant

 

Past, present, Yote and adjay

dapa people, don’t know what village they are from, would be good to know and how long ago lewis began working with them.  Nimit would know.  Phillip said nimit was jealous that yos got the job instead of him, something like that. Course there is an odd connection on nimit.  People said lewis stayed with nimit for a long time to try and get him to dry out, but failed and nimit says lewis told nimits wife that it was useless and to take a hike and she did and that she became a prostitute in Bangkok.  So he had at least two sons by her and then remarried.  That is interesting and I wonder if maybe there isn’t some hurt there that blocks nimit, or maybe it is just his self serving bullshit again

 

Pensa’s Mission

Does the government like pensa’s mission?  He may be tolerated because they still help agenda of assimilation.  Is it a form of accountablility? Akha women who pensa knew who couldn’t bear children. Why?

 

What is the goal of missionaries?

To get complete control of the Akha for themselves, their way of thinking and their religfious organizations.  Compares to the ethiopians at Hertzof Yasef and the “TOM” training school.

 

Adjay married an American with baby now

Adjay has a save the girls center.

Missionaries, just answer the question, what about akha culture.

still paying for sterilizations.

 

Mission Incidents

Abaw Leeh Gaw at Loh Mah Cheh, house burned by Christians.

Gaw Jaw Akha forestery Dispute? Christians cut sacred trees.

 

Missions List:

 

animism replaced with seven devils

akha hostels, dapa etc

betrayal of a people

bridging to jesus christ

control the driving missioinary agenda

american baptist

american family planning international

This was Paul Lewis gig

does the government like pensa’ mission

Does the government like pensa's mission?  He may be tolerated because they still help agenda of assimilation.  Is it a form of accountablility? Akha women who pensa knew who couldn't bear children. Why?

lost collections of knowledge, missionaries

lost information and good will from villagers

korean presbyterian connection

korean presbyterians

missioinaries

missionaries, compare to hertzof yasef and tom training school.  a pool ofconverts, forced end of ethiopian jew

missionaries : just answer the question, what about akha culture

missionaries as an instrument of foreign policy

missionaries pick up pieces

missionary as counter balance

Missions:

Meese family

Just say NO to missionaries

mmm missionary military marketplace

morse brother

Morse family

refudiating missioinary practice

religious policy and ethic for churches

retirement centers, the missioinary bonus

OMF

omf and lewis

SIL

the amounts of money available to omf, lewis brian and dapa, yote,l adjay, leo and adjew

the baptist church/hospital maesai

the baptists

the black hand

The Missionaries

The missionaries blew the pillars out from under the building.  The thais were only busiy defacing it.

the missionary failure

the missionary legacy

The soft cushy missionaries jobs and their one year visas: 

We know what they say they do but we don’t really know

Thy neighbors land mark,  the akha and missionaries

Without a gate by Nightengale,

luka knew, husband now dead, wife alive, reads like Sunday school

wycliffe and lewis

young family

deprovera, lewis used?

If one contributes to fragmentation and disunity are they also contributing to genetic decline?

 

Pensa

he may be tolerated because he helps agenda of assimilation

Akha council passed over for view of OT manuscript, Sahu

 

Misison Tactics

 

Martha Explanations:

I hope my explanation below is not too long.

I was so broke today I almost forgot to do my visa and had to borrow the $8 to do

it, but was one of the happiest days

of my life in this neck of the woods, having just signed off sending out all the

email.

Well, some of my friends call me a heretic because I say a frog has a stomach but

they have never looked in the frog.

What I mean is that I say what the missions are doing here is very wrong.  Many who

understand don't need much

explaining, and others don't want to know but brand me a heretic.  Now if they would

look in the frog they would see,

yes, it has a stomach.

In other words if the would look at what is done to the villages by the missions

they would see that it sure isn't

"thy neighbor as yourself".

Now some of the first events were that some of the Akha were converted.

This was many years ago, in the early 1920's for the Catholics and then or later for

the Baptists.

But in Thailand it may have been much later, like in the 50's.

Now I would assume that in those days with the rarity of white people and their

relative wealth and education it would

not be hard to get an entire village to convert after one of the headmen converted

or after an Akha who had converted

came and sold them the line.

We must include here that the Jesus story itself, is a good story, it is not a story

that does harm to people, and

this is the very unfortunate baiting that so hurts people.  These orgs and people

appeal to what hope people find in

the teachings of Jesus, and then use it to betray them.

However, the conversion of complete villages is not very common.  Particularly when

one investigates.  What one finds

out is that the village is rolled over, not converted.

Certain players or dissenters in the village find a point of contention and

promising what the other can not or will

not divides the village against the other elders often in a situation of anger.  For

instance the dissenter, more

often than not, was in a violation and went for conversion rather than cough up a

fine or reprimand.

I have not found one village that fully converted.  And I know one of the oldest

villages in Thailand, the village of

one of the oldest converted Akha Pastors, and his village is a bloody mess, his son

I know, and his son is a very

gentle person, but very on the spot and very in the rent of things as well.  We have

had many words, kind words, but

he is not happy with me for my rules.

So time after time I have found that a combination of money, promises of money and

power, promises of leverage,

promises of moral debt reduction, reactionism against existing leadership, are the

elements of conversion, and let us

not leave out heavy handed visiting preaching, heavy handed visiting white

missionaries passing out crackers, and

flaunting money, building a church, doing the one time rocket ignition of some

village improvement (which never then

carries on) and the outright confrontational verbal humiliation of elders by an

outsider backing the dissenter.

In no case that I know of has an elder opted to convert and pull the village.  It is

always a very less powerful

dissenter and often the key troublemaker in the village who himself is at odds with

the elders and in some cases in

danger of village eviction.

I have repeatedly pointed out this dishonest tactic to the missionaries and pastors,

and they can not explain to me,

that if they are so honest and innocent, why it is always being employed on their

shift.

So maybe I have come up with this.  Each community, as in globalization, is a nodule

that can be hooked on a major

bypass road to rush full volume consumption to it.

Each community is also a nodule for religion.  The religious and the consumerism

have ties, the first promising the

latter of course, but they need not necessarily for sake of argument.  The church is

itself a business and each

community a market.

This was in my opinion the alternative that Jesus offered people, the end of and

freedom from religion.  The church

has gone to extreme lengths over the centuries to prevent this distinction.

Currently, as I say, I know of no wholy converted villages.  Just the same the

missions advise that this is the best

goal, the ONLY way.  Funny they say that when it never appears to be the case.

I have watched as villages were converted and it didn't once happen without outside

interference, push and payoff.

Which in a way is good, because it also says a comeback could happen.

But in the case of American Indians, the proof is that the damage and fragmentation

of the community was so severe,

that the community dies.

Thus also in the book you sent me in Bay Area Tribes and the Missions there.

I think there lacks good books on the mission methodology, and what is wrong with

it.  It would read like the

And since the village, each village is an economic market to the mission, the profit

goes to the pastor or regional

pastor to whom the plunder has been promised, and there is no way that he is going

to stand for a non conversion

situation.  So he forces it, doesn't matter, it is a market, a religious market, and

the religion or any aspect of it

has nothing to do with the situation, he is going to corner the market.

I have seen this determination in the young pastors and old alike.  They see what

THEY are going to get out of it and

that is all that matters.

 

Matthew

 

 

Martha:

Unless the villages were scattered really closely together I would say that 40

huts is the average, 20 is less common.

And lets say 20 to 40 huts with 200 to 400 people is VERY standard here.

A 20 hut village may have some spiritual elders but not all. However in the tribal

system this is not a problem because they often "borrow" or visit to other

villages, both the regular villagers and the elders who are always on call.

However, if someone comes and converts, moves or modifies half the village, that

is enough to destroy and gut it.

We see that here.  A split village is soon very week, elders say, "what could we

do, we did not convert but the whole village was converted around us.  The dynamic

is always very evil and I am so surprised that not more protest this as an extreme

contradiction to anything right.

The crusades and inquisition mentality is the same today with the church.

What was done there did not change at all.

And in his book Milliken mentioned how the natives that were already controlled

were used as the front guard to gain the rest.

This would apply to food system as well.  If forestry or mission move or split the

village the food system can fall apart, since it is joint cooperative.  If people

can not borrow the joint labor to work in their field at peak times, and then pay

back with a few days in the other fields, no harvest will get done before food

spoils.

This is crucial.

This makes missionaries terrorists which is what they are.

Genocidal terrorists.

Here the daughters go to town and the sons sell speed pills when that happens,

always the worst relocated and split villages have the worst prostitution and drug

situtions.  I have even seen this when the location is only meters away, but the

situations combined were different.  One village surviving, the other had a tiny

view and stayed alive.

Here the missions also standardly showed a fake vote by immediately moving as many

people as possible to the mission.

This happened in Keng Tung, where there are thousands of impoverished Akha around

the mission, no farm land and thus no food security. The mission is shameless

about this.

And that village has the highest rate of prostitution of girls to Thailand.

Hope that helps,

Matthew

 

Dawn Project